unit 10
Psychological Maltreatment
The physical pain of abuse may heal quickly, but the psychological scars may never go away. Lasting scars may also result when the parents regularly ridicule children or coldly turn away from a child’s pleas for affection and attention.
Physicians, legislators, and mental health professionals are becoming increasingly concerned about psychological maltreatment, which has been broadly (and vaguely) defined as action (or failure to act) that damages children’s behavior, cognitive, emotional, or physical functioning. Abusive parents may reject, terrorize, isolate, exploit, degrade, or corrupt children and be emotionally unresponsive to them. As a result, children may fail to reach their full potential as adults. The impact of maltreatment is unpredictable ; many maltreated children grow up to lead healthy, productive live. Many others, however, suffer for years as the result of psychological abuse.
Psychological maltreatment, of course is an element in the more than 2 million cases of child abuse and neglect. But it also occurs with out physical abuse. It has been linked to children’s lying, stealing, low self-esteem, emotional maladjustment, dependency, underachievement,depression, failure to thrive, aggression, homicide, and suicide, as well as to psychological distress in later life; and it may also play a part in learning disorder.
Psychological maltreatment occurs both in families and in the institutions, such as schools, hospitals, day care centers and juvenile justice programs. School has come along way since lesson were “taught to the tune of a hickory stick,” with a dunce cap as a “reward”: but some schools still attempt to instill discipline through fear, intimidation, and degradation.
Institutional maltreatment is easier to stop than maltreatment by parents. In most states, children may be taken from abusive parents ; however, the courts are often reluctant to take this step except in extreme cases, especially when it is unclear that institution care will be better.
The best way to prevent such behavior is intervention before birth. Social service agencies can teach high-risk parents about child development, offer them support service, and train them to be more sensitive to babies ‘need’. To eliminate psychological maltreatment, society needs to question its values and make the needs of children a clear priority.
TRANSLATE
Penganiayaan psikologis
Dokter, legislator, dan profesional kesehatan mental menjadi semakin Prihatin tentang penganiayaan psikologis, Yang Telah luas (dan samar-samar) mendefinisikan tindakan (atau kegagalan untuk bertindak) kerusakan perilaku anak-anak itu, kognitif, emosional, atau fungsi fisik. Kasar orang tua menolak Mei, meneror, isolat, mengeksploitasi, menurunkan, atau anak-anak korup dan emosional tidak responsif terhadap Be Mereka. Akibatnya, anak-anak Mei Gagal Mencapai Penuh Potensi mereka orang dewasa. Dampak penganiayaan tidak dapat diprediksi, banyak anak-anak dianiaya tumbuh untuk memimpin sehat, produktif hidup. Banyak orang lain, Namun, Menderita tahun adalah hasil dari pelecehan psikologis. Penganiayaan psikologis, tentu saja adalah sebuah elemen dalam lebih dari 2 juta kasus penganiayaan dan penelantaran anak. Tapi Juga Terjadi dengan keluar kekerasan fisik. Ini Telah Terkait dengan anak-anak berbohong, mencuri, rendah diri, ketidakmampuan menyesuaikan diri emosional, ketergantungan, keterbelakangan, depresi, gagal tumbuh, agresi, pembunuhan, dan bunuh diri, serta tekanan psikologis di kemudian hari, dan ini juga Mei bermain bagian dalam gangguan belajar.
Penganiayaan psikologis KEDUA Terjadi dalam keluarga dan dalam Lembaga, seperti sekolah, rumah sakit, pusat penitipan anak dan program peradilan anak.Sekolah telah datang di sepanjang jalan karena pelajaran itu "diajarkan untuk lagu tongkat hickory," dengan topi bodoh sebagai "hadiah": namun beberapa sekolah masih mencoba untuk menanamkan disiplin karena takut, intimidasi, dan degradasi.
Kelembagaan penganiayaan adalah berhenti memotong lebih mudah daripada penganiayaan oleh orang tua. Di kebanyakan negara, anak-anak diambil dari Mei Jadilah orang tua yang kasar, Namun, pengadilan enggan untuk mengambil langkah ini Sering kecuali dalam kasus yang ekstrim, es Bila Tidak jelas itu institusi-perawatan Akan lebih baik.
Cara terbaik untuk Mencegah perilaku seperti itu Intervensi sebelum kelahiran.lembaga-lembaga pelayanan sosial bisa mengajar orang tua berisiko tinggi tentang perkembangan anak, dukungan layanan Mereka menawarkan, dan melatih Mereka Harus lebih peka terhadap 'kebutuhan' bayi. Untuk Menghilangkan penganiayaan psikologis, masyarakat perlu mempertanyakan nilai-nilai IMS dan kebutuhan anak-anak membuat prioritas yang jelas.
Questions
1. What is psychological Maltreatment ?
Answer : Psychological Maltreatment is an action that damages children's behaviour.
2. What are the examples of psychological Maltreatment? and why do the children get psychological maltreatment?
Answer :The examples of psychological maltreatment are bullying, degradation and intimidation. Because of their parents and institution.
3. what are the symptoms of the children who get psychological maltreatment?
Answer : The symptoms are lying, stealing, low self-esteem, emotional maladjustment, dependency, underachievement,depression, failure to thrive, aggression, homicide, and suicide.
4. Is there any positive and negative impact of abusive parents on children?
Answer : Yes, there is. The positive impact is the children who get psychological maltreatment grow up lead healthy and have productive life. The negative impact is it has been linked to children's lying, stealing, low self-esteem, emotional maladjustment, dependency, underachievement,depression, failure to thrive, aggression, homicide, and suicide.
5. why does psychological maltreatment occur in families and schools?
Answer : In the families because there are the parents that want have a good children. So, they isolated their children because they don't want their children have a bad impact in the outside.
In the schools because there are schools that still attempt in still discipline through fear, intimidation and degradation.
6. How do we overcome psychological maltreatment?
Answer : we can overcome with intervention before birth, ask social service agencies because they can teach high risk parent about child development and train them to be more sensitive to babies need.
Penganiayaan psikologis KEDUA Terjadi dalam keluarga dan dalam Lembaga, seperti sekolah, rumah sakit, pusat penitipan anak dan program peradilan anak.Sekolah telah datang di sepanjang jalan karena pelajaran itu "diajarkan untuk lagu tongkat hickory," dengan topi bodoh sebagai "hadiah": namun beberapa sekolah masih mencoba untuk menanamkan disiplin karena takut, intimidasi, dan degradasi.
Kelembagaan penganiayaan adalah berhenti memotong lebih mudah daripada penganiayaan oleh orang tua. Di kebanyakan negara, anak-anak diambil dari Mei Jadilah orang tua yang kasar, Namun, pengadilan enggan untuk mengambil langkah ini Sering kecuali dalam kasus yang ekstrim, es Bila Tidak jelas itu institusi-perawatan Akan lebih baik.
Cara terbaik untuk Mencegah perilaku seperti itu Intervensi sebelum kelahiran.lembaga-lembaga pelayanan sosial bisa mengajar orang tua berisiko tinggi tentang perkembangan anak, dukungan layanan Mereka menawarkan, dan melatih Mereka Harus lebih peka terhadap 'kebutuhan' bayi. Untuk Menghilangkan penganiayaan psikologis, masyarakat perlu mempertanyakan nilai-nilai IMS dan kebutuhan anak-anak membuat prioritas yang jelas.
Questions
1. What is psychological Maltreatment ?
Answer : Psychological Maltreatment is an action that damages children's behaviour.
2. What are the examples of psychological Maltreatment? and why do the children get psychological maltreatment?
Answer :The examples of psychological maltreatment are bullying, degradation and intimidation. Because of their parents and institution.
3. what are the symptoms of the children who get psychological maltreatment?
Answer : The symptoms are lying, stealing, low self-esteem, emotional maladjustment, dependency, underachievement,depression, failure to thrive, aggression, homicide, and suicide.
4. Is there any positive and negative impact of abusive parents on children?
Answer : Yes, there is. The positive impact is the children who get psychological maltreatment grow up lead healthy and have productive life. The negative impact is it has been linked to children's lying, stealing, low self-esteem, emotional maladjustment, dependency, underachievement,depression, failure to thrive, aggression, homicide, and suicide.
5. why does psychological maltreatment occur in families and schools?
Answer : In the families because there are the parents that want have a good children. So, they isolated their children because they don't want their children have a bad impact in the outside.
In the schools because there are schools that still attempt in still discipline through fear, intimidation and degradation.
6. How do we overcome psychological maltreatment?
Answer : we can overcome with intervention before birth, ask social service agencies because they can teach high risk parent about child development and train them to be more sensitive to babies need.
unit 9
EMOTION
You have surely been angry at someone, and you have been afraid of something. You love some people and hate some. Anger and fear, love and hate are emotions. Some other emotions are joy, hope, delight despair, sadness and disgust. Every one has emotions.
Emotions come upon you suddenly. You do not thinks emotions, you feel them. You do not think, "This is an uncaged tiger, I have heard that tigers sometimes kill and eat human beings. I am a human beings, so I will now be afraid of the tiger." Instead, you feel afraid instantly upon finding your self near a tiger out of its cage. You do not think afraid, you feel afraid.
Emotion can be aroused when information comes to your trough your senses. You see someone dear to you, and you feel love. You hear a scraping sound in a dark room, and you feel fear. You smell an unpleasant odor, and you feel disgusted Emotions can also be aroused by thoughts. You think of a test you are not ready to take, and you feel fear or sense defeat.
Thought you are not aware of can also bring out emotions. These are called unconscious thoughts. For instance, when you were very small, you may have been scared by a big, barking dog. You forgot about this unpleasant happening, but it is stored in your unconscious memory. You may now be nervous of a big dogs.
People seem to be born with a few emotions and gradually learn the rest. A newborn baby fears falling and loud sounds. Yet very young babies do not seem to fear anything else. They must learn to be afraid of fire, dangerous animals, and other things that can harm them. The fears of falling and loud sounds do not have to be learn.
The “word” emotion comes from the Latin word exmovere, meaning “to move you, or to stir up”. Your emotions move you, carry you away, stir you up, and cause you to act. Joy may make up jump up and down, clap your hands, and smile or laugh. Fear may make you run and scream, or stand and tremble.
Emotion also affect your body in ways you are not aware of fear cause the adrenal glands to secret into your blood a chemical substance called adrenaline. Adrenaline makes your heart beat faster, your blood to go from your muscles, stopping digestion. Sugar stored in your muscles and liver is sent into your blood. You may tremble and perspire. Your body is ready to react to what is causing your fear. You may run away, or try to fight or hide.
Translate
EMOSI
Anda pasti pernah marah pada seseorang, dan Anda pernah takut akan sesuatu. Anda mencintai beberapa orang dan membenci beberapa orang. Kemarahan dan rasa takut, cinta dan benci adalah emosi. Beberapa emosi lain sukacita, harapan, keputusasaan, kesenangan, kesedihan dan jijik. Setiap orang memiliki emosi.
Emosi datang secara tiba-tiba. Anda tidak berpikir mengenai emosi, tetapi Anda merasakan emosi. Anda tidak berpikir, "Ini adalah harimau yang tidak dikurung, aku telah mendengar bahwa harimau kadang-kadang membunuh dan memakan manusia. Saya seorang manusia, jadi saya takut harimau." Sebaliknya, Anda merasa takut setelah menemukan diri Anda dekat harimau yang keluar dari kandangnya. Anda tidak berpikir takut, Anda merasa takut.
Emosi dapat muncul ketika informasi datang ke Anda melalui indera Anda. Anda melihat rasa sayang seseorang untuk Anda, dan Anda merasa cinta. Anda mendengar suara gesekan dalam ruangan gelap, dan Anda merasa takut. Anda mencium bau yang tidak menyenangkan, dan Anda merasa jijik. Emosi juga bisa terangsang oleh pikiran. Anda memikirkan tes yang tidak siap anda ambil, dan Anda merasa takut atau kalah.
Pemikiran Anda yang tak sadar juga dapat mengeluarkan emosi. Ini disebut pikiran bawah sadar. Sebagai contoh, ketika Anda kecil, Anda mungkin telah takut dengan anjing besar yang menggonggong. Anda lupa hal ini terjadi tidak menyenangkan, tetapi disimpan dalam memori bawah sadar Anda. Anda sekarang bisa gugup dari anjing besar.
Orang-orang tampaknya lahir dengan beberapa emosi dan secara bertahap dan sisanya adalah tahap belajar. Seorang bayi baru lahir takut akan jatuh dan bersuara keras. Namun bayi yang sangat muda tampaknya tidak takut apa-apa lagi. Mereka harus belajar untuk takut api, binatang berbahaya, dan hal-hal lain yang dapat membahayakan mereka. Rasa takut jatuh dan suara keras tidak harus belajar.
The "Kata" emosi berasal dari exmovere kata Latin, yang berarti "untuk Anda bergerak, atau untuk membangkitkan". Emosi menggerakkan Anda, membawa Anda pergi, mengaduk Anda, dan menyebabkan Anda untuk bertindak. Kegembiraan dapat membuat anda melompat dan terjun, bertepuk tangan, dan tersenyum atau tertawa. Ketakutan dapat membuat Anda lari dan menjerit, atau berdiri dan gemetar.
Emosi juga mempengaruhi tubuh Anda dalam cara-cara Anda tidak menyadari ketakutan menyebabkan kelenjar adrenal untuk rahasia ke dalam darah Anda suatu zat kimia yang disebut adrenalin. Adrenalin membuat jantung Anda berdetak lebih cepat, darah Anda mengalir dari otot Anda, pencernaan berhenti. Gula disimpan dalam otot dan hati dikirim ke dalam darah Anda. Anda dapat gemetar dan berkeringat. Tubuh Anda siap untuk bereaksi terhadap apa yang menyebabkan rasa takut Anda. Anda dapat melarikan diri, atau mencoba untuk melawan atau menyembunyikan.
EXERCISE 1
1. What is emotion? Give some examples to suppport your answer.
Answer : Emotion is an expression of our feeling. The examples of emotions arelove, hate, joy, sad, happy, despair, etc.
2. How does emotion come to you? Give the example to make your idea clearer.
Answer: Emotion come upon you suddenly. You do not thinks emotions, you feelthem. The example is this is an uncaged tiger, I have heard that tigers sometimes kill and eat human beings. I am a human beings, so I will now be afraid of the tiger."
Instead, you feel afraid instantly upon finding your self near a tiger out of its cage.You do not think afraid, you feel afraid.
3. You do not think emotion, you feel them (p.2). what does this statement mean?
Answer : the meaning of that statement is emotion come upon us suddenly. We don’t thinks emotions but we feel them.
4. What is your opinion if someone doesn’t have unconscious thought?
Answer : if someone doesn’t have unconscious thought he/her can’t bring outhis/her emotion.
5. Observe the statement of the first and the last sentences of paragraph! What do you think of the relationship of both?
Answer : the statement “People seem to be born with a few emotions and gradually learn the rest” means people must learn many kind of emotion when they grow and life in the world, the emotion can be learn from the family, school and environment.The statement “The fears of falling and loud sounds do not have to be learn” means that we don’t have learn fears of falling and loud sounds because when we born(baby), we already feel fears falling and loud sounds.
6. How do babies “learn” to be afraid of the dangerous things?
Answer : the baby learn to be afraid of the dangerous things from the parents, and environment or something aroun her/his.
7. What happens if we do not have emotion?
Answer : we can’t feel anything, we don’t know the bittersweet of this word, feelhappy, sad, delight, despair, etc.
8. What is the relationship between emotion and our body?
Answer : Emotion also affect your body in ways you are not aware of fear cause the adrenal glands to secret into your blood a chemical substance called adrenaline.
EXERCISE 2
Read the paragraph in which following italicized idioms or expression are found. Then choose the best meaning of idioms or expression as used in the context in the article.
1. You love some people and hate some.
2. Emotion can be aroused when information comes to you through your sense.
3. Emotion also affect your body in ways you are not aware of.
EXERCISE 3
1. After the car had knocked her down, she locked unconscious for half an hour.
2. Ari was so frightened when his friend jumped down from the tree thaT he screamed loudly.
3. Some students stand at the corner of the class in nervous and trembling because teacher will punish them.
4. Last night we watched Kirun on TV. He was very funny. He made us laugh.
5. Titi hate anyone listening while she was telephoning.
6. The naughty boy takes great delight in pulling the cat’s tail.
7. He was filled with despair when he read the examination questions because the questions were too difficult.
8. His anger at the government’s policy caused him resign.
9. Afi is chosen as the best student in his class : he is all love.
10. I have five children. Four of them died because of an accident. Now I have a child olny. He is my last hope.
EXERCISE 4
1. You can probably repeat your name, address, telephone number and the name of your teacher without looking them up.
Answer : your name, address, telephone number and the name of your teacher can probably be repeated (by You) without looking them up.
2. Intelligent person can use knowledge in new situations or problems
Answer : knowledge can be used by Intelligent person in new situations or problems.
3. Animals can’t do mathematics because they do not have intelligence.
Answer : mathematics can’t be done by Animals because they do not have intelligence.
4. Sigmund Freud said that unconscious ideas can affect health.
Answer : health can be affected by unconscious ideas has been said by Sigmund Freud.
5. Medical treatment can best help people suffering from drugs.
Answer : people suffering from drugs can be helped best by Medical treatment
6. You should open the wine by smiling.
Answer : the wine should be opened (by You) by smiling.
7. Senior students will serve students by from expression.
Answer : students will be served by Senior students by from expression.
8. People must not leave bicycles in the hall.
Answer : bicycles must not be leaved by People in the hall.
9. Members may keep books for three weeks. After that they must return them.
Answer : books may be kept by Members for three weeks. After that they must be returned by them.
EXERCISE 5
1. Something will only be brought to mind under certain condition.
Answer : only under certain condition will bring Something to mind.
2. Many psychologist be have that intelligence can be measured with various kinds of tests.
Answer : Many psychologist be have that various kinds of tests can measure intelligence.
3. Many animals can be trained to do things they do not other else do.
Answer : (subject) can train Many animals to do things they do not other else do.
4. Every dresses will be worn.
Answer : (subject) will wear Every dresses.
5. Someone will have to be found to take her place.
Answer : (Subject) will have to find someone to take her place.
6. This rumor must have been started by our opponents.
Answer : our opponents must have started This rumor .
7. Your money could be put to a good use instead of being left idle in the bank.
Answer : you can put Your money to a good use instead of being left idle in the bank.
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar